History of Paris

  
 Paris is without a doubt one of the most beautiful cities in the world. Magnificent boulevards, countless sights and museums filled with priceless art treasures make the city on the Seine one of the most popular tourist destinations in Europe.
  

250 BC

The Gallic tribe of the " Parisii " settle on the Ile de la Cité and found a city called Lutetia.    

52 BC

The Romans occupy the city and call it Lutetia Parisiorum.

275

Germanic tribes plunder the Roman city of Lutetia Parisiorum.

280

Construction of the city ​​wall begins on the Ile de la Cité. The city was part of the Roman Empire in the Province of Lugdunensis.

486

The Franks conquer Paris and make the city their residence.

886

Paris is besieged by the Normans but not taken.

987

Paris becomes the capital of France

1190

A new city wall was built under Philippe Auguste.  

1215

The University of Paris is founded.

1257

The University of Sorbonne is founded.  

1348

A plague kills most of the residents in Paris.

1418

Jean sans Peur's troops, allied with England, conquer Paris.      

1572

Massacre de la Saint-BarthélemyThat night, thousands of Protestants (Huguenots) were murdered in Paris on the orders of Catherine de Medici. The wave of violence spread across the country, with many Huguenots leaving France.        

1610 

King Henry IV is murdered in Paris.   

1648

Revolt of the "Fronde" (Parliament of Paris) against Louis XIV .

1666

Louis XIV moves to Versailles with his court.

1685

With the Edict of Fontainebleau, the Edict of Nantes is revoked. Louis XIV forbids the Protestant faith in France. As a result, almost all Huguenots leave the country. They are welcomed in other Protestant countries because they founded factories and stimulated the economy. For example, they brought viticulture to South Africa.       

1709

Further uprisings against the king who financially ruined the country.  

1756

Beginning of the Seven Years' War between England and France, in which most European powers were involved.   

1763

After the "Peace of Paris" France loses its colony Canada to Great Britain.

1789

French Revolution! France is bankrott, the angry people stormed the Bastille.

1792

Fearing that the French Revolution could also sweep away other monarchies, the First Coalition War begins against France. To get ahead of the monarchies, France attacks the Austrians in BelgiumAustria, Germany, the Netherlands, Spain, Italy and England are fighting against France. Because of the general conscription, the French had more soldiers than the monarchies, but they were better equipped. Nevertheless, France succeeded in defeating one country after another or forcing them into a peace treaty.     

1793

King Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette are executed on the Place de la Concorde. The lawyer Robespierre executes all who are described as opponents of the revolution. Over 16,500 death sentences are carried out across France.         

1794

When Robespierre announced that he would start another "wave of purges", he himself was executed.

1796

In the Italian campaign, Napoleon's talent as a general became evident. He can defeat the numerically superior Austrians several times. Napolen moves on towards Austria and can force the country to an armistice.

1799 

To prevent a coup d'état by the royalists, Napoleon Bonaparte took power himself. The second coalition war begins. Austria, Russia and Great Britain are fighting against France.     

1802

The Second Coalition War ends with the Peace of Amiens. France got back the colonies that Britain had conquered. In return, France withdrew from Egypt.   

1804

Napoleon I is crowned emperor in Notre Dame. In the same year the "Code civil " is issued.   

1812

Napoleon's Russian campaign fails because the Russians set Moscow on fire and the French army had to retreat without provisions.   

1815

Napoleon is defeated in Waterloo by the British under Wellington and the Prussians under General Blücher. 67,000 British and 48,000 Prussians defeated 72,000 French soldiers. Napoleon was exiled to the island of St. Helena, where he died in 1821.         

1830

Charles X excludes the bourgeoisie from the elections, a revolution ensues. After the "July Revolution", King Charles X must abdicate. He was succeeded by King Louis-Philippe as a bourgeois king who supported the ideals of the French Revolution. It was a compromise as the rest of Europe would not accept a republic.    

1848

After uprisings, King Louis-Philippe has to abdicate. The Second Republic is founded.

1851

Coup d'état by Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte against the Second Republic. He is crowned and called himself Napoleon III. This is the beginning of the Second Empire.

1853

Haussmann rebuilt Paris and laid out spacious boulevards, which were also used to quickly transport troops within the city to control the people.

1870

The Franco-German War begins.

1871

Paris surrenders to the German troops. The Commune uprising begins in Paris and is bloodily suppressed. Napoleon III resigns. The Third French Republic, today's France, begins.  

1889

The 300 m high Eiffel Tower was built by Gustave Eiffel for the World Exhibition.     

1890

The construction of the Paris metro begins.  

1921

Paris has 2.9 million inhabitants.  

1940

Paris is occupied by German troops until 1944.

1968

Student riots in Paris.  

1973

The motorway ring around Paris is completed.  

1981François Mitterand's Grands Projets begin. Major projects include the Grande Arche de La Défense, the Pyramid in front of the Louvre, the National de France Library, the Opera de la Bastille, the Parc de la Villette, the Institute du Monde Arabe and several government buildings.

1993

The Eurotunnel under the English Channel is being completed. The 50 km long tunnel shortens the train journey between Paris and London to 2.5 hours.  

2015

On 7.1. Islamist terrorists storm the office of the satirical newspaper Charlie Hebdo and execute 4 cartoonists, 6 employees and two police officers. 10 other people are seriously injured. An accomplice later shoots another policewoman. On the 9th of January the two main perpetrators are shot dead in the north of Paris. At the same time, the police stormed a Jewish supermarket at the Porte de Vincennes, where the third assassin had shot several hostages. The police also shoot this Muslim terrorist.    

2015

Friday November 13th: Paris is hit by a series of attacks by the Islamic State in which over 130 people are murdered. Terrorists tried to get to the Stade de France during the friendly match between France and Germany. However, they were stopped by the security forces and then blew themselves up. In addition, other Muslim perpetrators shot automatic weapons in several cafes, killing many innocent people. Most people died in a concert hall where the terrorists wreaked a bloodbath before bombing themselves.     

2017

2.25 million people live in Paris. Over 11 million people live in the Paris region.

2019

Notre Dame Cathedral is badly damaged in a fire. The roof partially burned down and the crossing tower collapsed. The two towers of the westwork remained standing. The reconstruction should be completed in 5 years.

2021

The corona pandemic leads to massive restrictions in France.

 

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History Paris

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